Q1. Calculate the minimum pressure required to compress 500 dm3of air at 1 bar to 200 dm3 at 30∘C ?
Answer:
Initial pressure, P1 = 1 bar
Initial volume, V1 = 500 dm3
Final volume, V2 = 200 dm3
As the temperature remains same,the final pressure (P2) can be calculated with the help of Boyle’s law.
Acc. Boyle’s law,
P1V1 = P2V2
P2 = P1V1V2
= 1×500200
= 2.5 bar
∴ the minimum pressure required to compress is 2.5 bar.
Q2. A container with a capacity of 120 mL contains some amount of gas at 35∘ C and 1.2 bar pressure. The gas is transferred to another container of volume 180 mL at 35∘C. Calculate what will be the pressure of the gas?
Answer:
Initial pressure, P1 = 1.2 bar
Initial volume, V1 = 120 mL
Final volume, V2 = 180 mL
As the temperature remains same, final pressure (P2) can be calculated with the help of Boyle’s law.
According to the Boyle’s law,
P1V1 = P2V2
P2 = P1V1V2
= 1.2×120180
= 0.8 bar
Therefore, the min pressure required is 0.8 bar.
Q3. Prove that at a given temp density of a gas is proportional to the gas pressure by using the equation of state pV = nRT.
Answer:
The equation of state is given by,
pV = nRT ……..(1)
Where, p = pressure
V = volume
N = number of moles
R = Gas constant
T = temp
nV = pRT
Replace n with mM, therefore,
mMV = pRT……..(2)
Where, m = mass
M = molar mass
But, mV = d
Where, d = density
Therefore, from equation (2), we get
dM = pRT
d = (MRT) p
d ∝ p
Therefore, at a given temp, the density of gas (d) is proportional to its pressure (p).
Q4. At 0∘ C, the density of a certain oxide of a gas at 2 bars is equal to that of dinitrogen at 5 bars. Calculate the molecular mass of the oxide.
Answer:
Density (d) of the substance at temp (T) can be given by,
d = MpRT
Now, density of oxide (d1) is as given,
d1 = M1p1RT
Where, M1 = mass of the oxide
p1 = pressure of the oxide
Density of dinitrogen gas (d2) is as given,
d2 = M1p2RT
Where, M2 = mass of the oxide
p2 = pressure of the oxide
Acc to the question,
d1 = d2
Therefore, M1p1=M2p2
Given:
p1 = 2 bar
p2 = 5 bar
Molecular mass of nitrogen, M2 = 28 g/mol
Now, M1
= M2p2p1
= 28×52
= 70 g/mol
Therefore, the molecular mass of the oxide is 70 g/mol.
Q5. A pressure of 1 g of an ideal gas X at 27∘ C is found to be 2 bars. When 2 g of another ideal gas is added in the same container at same temp the pressure becomes 3 bars. Find the relation between their molecular masses.
Answer:
For ideal gas A, the ideal gas equation is given by,
pXV=nXRT……(1)
Where pX and nX represent the pressure and number of moles of gas X.
For ideal gas Y, the ideal gas equation is given by,
pYV=nYRT……(2)
Where, pY and nY represent the pressure and number of moles of gas Y.
[V and T are constants for gases X and Y]
From equation (1),
pXV=mXMX RT
pXMXmX = RTV ……(3)
From equation (2),
pYV=mYMY RT
pYMYmY = RTV …… (4)
Where, MX and MY are the molecular masses of gases X and Y respectively.
Now, from equation (3) and (4),
pXMXmX = pYMYmY ….. (5)
Given,
mX = 1 g
pX = 2 bar
mY = 2 g
pY = (3 – 2) = 1 bar (Since total pressure is 3 bar)
Substituting these values in equation (5),
2×MX1 = 1×MY2
4 MX = MY
Therefore, the relationship between the molecular masses of X and Y is,
4 MX = MY
Q6. The drain cleaner has small bits of aluminum, which react with caustic soda to produce dihydrogen. What volume of dihydrogen at 20∘ C and 1 bar will be released when 0.15 g of aluminum reacts?
Answer:
The reaction of aluminum with caustic soda is as given below:
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O → 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
At Standard Temperature Pressure (273.15 K and 1 atm), 54 g ( 2 × 27 g) of Al gives 3 ×22400 mL of H2.
Therefore, 0.15 g Al gives:
= 3×22400×0.1554 mL of H2
= 186.67 mL of H2
At Standard Temperature Pressure,
p1 = 1 atm
V1 = 186.67 mL
T1 = 273.15 K
Let the volume of dihydrogen be V2 at p2 = 0.987 atm (since 1 bar = 0.987 atm) and T2 = 20∘ C = (273.15 + 20) K = 293.15 K.
Now,
p1V1T1 = p2V2T2 V2=p1V1T2p2T1
= 1×186.67×293.150.987×273.15
= 202.98 mL
= 203 mL
Hence, 203 mL of dihydrogen will be released.
Q7. Calculate the pressure exerted by a mixture of 3.2 g of methane and 4.4 g of carbon dioxide contained in a 9 dm3 at flask at 27°.
Answer:
It is known that,
p = mM RTV
For methane (CH4),
pCH4
= 3.216 × 8.314×3009×10–3 [Since 9 dm3 = 9×10−3 m3 27∘C = 300 K]
= 5.543 × 104 Pa
For carbon dioxide (CO2),
pCO2
= 4.444 × 8.314×3009×10–3
= 2.771 × 104 Pa
Total pressure exerted by the mixture can be calculated as:
p = pCH4 + pCO2
= (5.543 × 104 + 2.771 × 104) Pa
= 8.314 × 104 Pa
Q8. Calculate the pressure of the gaseous mixture when 0.5 L of H2 at 0.8 bars and 2.0 L of dioxygen at 0.7 bars are introduced in a 1L container at 27∘.
Answer:
Let the partial pressure of H2 in the container be pH2.
Now,
p1 = 0.8 bar
p2 = pH2 V1 = 0.5 L
V2 = 1 L
It is known that,
p1 V1 = p2 V2 p2 = p1×V1V2 pH2 = 0.8×0.51
= 0.4 bar
Now, let the partial pressure of O2 in the container be pO2.
Now,
p1 = 0.7 bar
p2 = pO2 V1 = 2.0 L
V2 = 1 L
p1 V1 = p2 V2 p2 = p1×V1V2 pO2 = 0.7×201
= 1.4 bar
Total pressure of the gas mixture in the container can be obtained as:
ptotal = pH2 + pO2
= 0.4 + 1.4
= 1.8 bar
Q9. A density of a gas is 5.46 g/dm3 at 27∘C at 2 bar pressure. Calculate its density at Standard Temperature Pressure.
Answer:
Given,
d1 = 5.46 g/dm3
p1 = 2 bar
T1 = 27∘C = (27 + 273) K = 300 K
p2 = 1 bar
T2 = 273 K
d2 = ?
The density ( d2 ) of the gas at STP can be calculated using the equation,
d = MpRT d1d2 = Mp1RT1Mp2RT2 d1d2 = p1T2p2T1
d2 = p2T1d1p1T2
= 1×300×5.462×273
= 3 g dm-3
Hence, the density of the gas at STP will be 3 g dm-3
Q10. 34.05 mL of phosphorus vapour has weight 0.0625 g at 546∘C and 0.1 bar pressure. Calculate the molar mass of phosphorus.
Answer:
Given,
p = 0.1 bar
V = 34.05 mL = 34.05 × 10-3 dm3
R = 0.083 bar dm3 at K-1 mol-1
T = 546∘C = (546 + 273) K = 819 K
The no of moles (n) can be calculated using the ideal gas equation as:
pV = nRT
n = pVRT
= 0.1×34.05×10−30.083×819
= 5.01 × 10-5 mol
Therefore, molar mass of phosphorus = 0.06255.01×10−5
= 1247.5 g mol-1
Q11. A student forgot to add the reaction mixture to the container at 27∘ C but instead, he placed the container on the flame. After a lapse of time, he came to know about his mistake, and using a pyrometer he found the temp of the container 477∘ C. What fraction of air would have been expelled out?
Answer:
Let the volume of the container be V.
The volume of the air inside the container at 27∘ C is V.
Now,
V1 = V
T1 = 27∘ C = 300 K V2 = ?
T2 = 477∘ C = 750 K
Acc to Charles’s law,
V1T1 = V2T2 V1 = V1T2T1
= 750V300
= 2.5 V
Therefore, volume of air expelled out
= 2.5 V – V = 1.5 V
Hence, fraction of air expelled out
= 1.5V2.5V
= 35
Q12. What is the temp of 4.0 mol of gas occupying 5 dm3 at 3.32 bar? ( R = 0.083 bar dm3 at K-1 mol-1).
Answer:
Given,
N= 4.0 mol
V = 5 dm3
p = 3.32 bar
R = 0.083 bar dm3 at K-1 mol-1
The temp (T) can be calculated using the ideal gas equation as:
pV = nRT
T = pVnR
= 3.32×54×0.083
= 50 K
Therefore, the required temp is 50 K.
Q13. What is the total no of electrons present in 1.4 g of dinitrogen gas?
Answer:
Molar mass of dinitrogen (N2) = 28 g mol-1
Thus, 1.4 g of N2
= 1.428
= 0.05 mol
= 0.05 × 6.02 × 1023 no of molecules
= 3.01 × 1023 no. of molecules
Now, 1 molecule of N2 has 14 electrons.
Therefore, 3.01 × 1023 molecules of N2 contains,
= 14 × 3.01 × 1023
= 4.214 × 1023 electrons
Q14. How much time would it take to distribute 1 Avogadro no. of wheat grains, if 1010 grains are distracted each second?
Answer:
Avogadro no. = 6.02 × 1023
Therefore, time taken
= 6.02×10231010s
= 6.02 × 1013 s
= 6.02×102360×60×24×365years
= 1.909 × 106 years
Therefore, the time taken would be 1.909 × 106 years.
Q15. What is the total pressure in the mixture of 4 g of dihydrogen and 8 g of dioxygen in a container of 1 dm3 at K-1 mol-1?
Answer:
Given:
Mass of O2 = 8 g
No. of moles
= 832
= 0.25 mole
Mass of H2 = 4 g
No. of moles
= 42
= 2 mole
Hence, total no of moles in the mixture
= 0.25 + 2
= 2.25 mole
Given:
V = 1 dm3
n = 2.25 mol
R = 0.083 bar dm3 at K-1 mol-1
T = 27∘ C = 300 K
Total pressure :
pV = nRT
p = nRTV
= 225×0.083×3001
= 56.025 bar
Therefore, the total pressure of the mixture is 56.025 bar.
Q16. The difference between the mass of displaced air and the mass of the balloon is known as pay load. What is the pay load when a balloon of radius is 10 m, mass 100 kg is filled with helium at 1.66 bar at 27∘ C.
(Density of air = 1.2 kg m-3 and R = 0.083 bar dm3 at K-1 mol-1)
Answer:
Given:
r = 10 m
Therefore, volume of the balloon
= 43 πr3
= 43×227×103
= 4190.5 m3 (approx.)
Therefore, the volume of the displaced air
= 4190.5 × 1.2 kg
= 5028.6 kg
Mass of helium,
= MpVRT
Where, M = 4 × 10-3 kg mol-1
p = 1.66 bar
V = volume of the balloon
= 4190.5 m3
R = 0.083 0.083 bar dm3 at K-1 mol-1
T = 27 °C = 300 K
Then,
m = 4×10−3×1.66×4190.5×1030.083×300
= 1117.5 kg (approx.)
Now, total mass with helium,
= (100 + 1117.5) kg
= 1217.5 kg
Therefore, pay load,
= (5028.6 – 1217.5)
= 3811.1 kg
Therefore, the pay load of the balloon is 3811.1 kg.
Q17. What is the volume occupied by 8.8 g of CO2 at 31.1∘ C and 1 bar pressure? Given that R = 0.083 bar dm3 at K-1 mol-1.
Answer:
pVM = mRT
V = mRTMp
Given:
m = 8.8 g
R = 0.083 bar dm3 at K-1 mol-1.
T = 31.1 °C = 304.1 K
M = 44 g
p = 1 bar
Thus, Volume (V),
= 8.8×0.083×304.144×1
= 5.04806 L
= 5.05 L
Therefore, the volume occupied is 5.05 L.
Q18. 2.9 g of a gas at 95∘ C occupied the same volume as 0.184 g of dihydrogen at 17∘ C, at the same pressure. Calculate the molar mass of the gas.
Answer:
Volume,
V = mRTMp
= 0.184×R×2902×p
Let M be the molar mass of the unknown gas.
Volume occupied by the unknown gas is,
= mRTMp
= 2.9×R×368M×p
According to the ques,
0.184×R×2902×p = 2.9×R×368M×p 0.184×2902 = 2.9×368M
M = 2.9×368×20.184×290
= 40 g mol-1
Therefore, the molar mass of the gas is 40 g mol-1
Q19. A mixture of dioxygen and dihydrogen at 1 bar pressure has 20% by weight of dihydrogen. What is the partial pressure of dihydrogen?
Answer:
Let the weight of dihydrogen be 20 g.
Let the weight of dioxygen be 80 g.
No. of moles of dihydrogen (nH2),
= 202
= 10 moles
No. of moles of dioxygen (nO2),
= 8032
= 2.5 moles
Given:
ptotal = 1 bar
Therefore, partial pressure of dihydrogen (pH2),
= nH2nH2+nO2 × ptotal
= 1010+2.5×1
= 0.8 bar
Therefore, the partial pressure of dihydrogen is 0.8 bar.
Q20. What will be the SI unit for the quantity pV2T2n?
Answer:
SI unit of pressure, p = Nm−2
SI unit of volume, V = m3
SI unit of temp, T = K
SI unit of number of moles, n = mol
Hence, SI unit of pV2T2n is,
= (Nm−2)(m3)2(K)2mol
= Nm4K2mol−1
Q21. According to Charles’ law explain why −273∘ C is the lowest possible temp.
Answer:
According to Charles’ law
At constant pressure, the volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temp.
Charles’ law
It was found that for all gasses (at any given pressure), the plot of volume vs. temp. (in ∘C) is a straight line.
If we extend the line to zero volume, then it intersects the temp-axis at −273∘ C. That is the volume of any gas at−273∘ C is 0. This happens because all gasses get transferred into liquid form before reaching −273∘ C.
Therefore, it can be said that−273∘ C is the lowest possible temp.
Q22. Critical temp of methane and carbon dioxide are −81.9∘ C and 31.1∘C respectively. Which of the following have stronger intermolecular forces? Why?
Answer:
If the critical temp of a gas is higher then it is easier to liquefy. That is the intermolecular forces of attraction among the molecules of gas are directly proportional to its critical temp.
Therefore, in CO2 intermolecular forces of attraction are stronger.
Q23. What is the physical significance of Van der Waals parameters?
Answer:
The physical significance of ‘a’:
The magnitude of intermolecular attractive forces within gas is represented by ‘a’.
The physical significance of ‘b’:
The volume of a gas molecule is represented by ‘b’.
Answer:
Initial pressure, P1 = 1 bar
Initial volume, V1 = 500 dm3
Final volume, V2 = 200 dm3
As the temperature remains same,the final pressure (P2) can be calculated with the help of Boyle’s law.
Acc. Boyle’s law,
P1V1 = P2V2
P2 = P1V1V2
= 1×500200
= 2.5 bar
∴ the minimum pressure required to compress is 2.5 bar.
Q2. A container with a capacity of 120 mL contains some amount of gas at 35∘ C and 1.2 bar pressure. The gas is transferred to another container of volume 180 mL at 35∘C. Calculate what will be the pressure of the gas?
Answer:
Initial pressure, P1 = 1.2 bar
Initial volume, V1 = 120 mL
Final volume, V2 = 180 mL
As the temperature remains same, final pressure (P2) can be calculated with the help of Boyle’s law.
According to the Boyle’s law,
P1V1 = P2V2
P2 = P1V1V2
= 1.2×120180
= 0.8 bar
Therefore, the min pressure required is 0.8 bar.
Q3. Prove that at a given temp density of a gas is proportional to the gas pressure by using the equation of state pV = nRT.
Answer:
The equation of state is given by,
pV = nRT ……..(1)
Where, p = pressure
V = volume
N = number of moles
R = Gas constant
T = temp
nV = pRT
Replace n with mM, therefore,
mMV = pRT……..(2)
Where, m = mass
M = molar mass
But, mV = d
Where, d = density
Therefore, from equation (2), we get
dM = pRT
d = (MRT) p
d ∝ p
Therefore, at a given temp, the density of gas (d) is proportional to its pressure (p).
Q4. At 0∘ C, the density of a certain oxide of a gas at 2 bars is equal to that of dinitrogen at 5 bars. Calculate the molecular mass of the oxide.
Answer:
Density (d) of the substance at temp (T) can be given by,
d = MpRT
Now, density of oxide (d1) is as given,
d1 = M1p1RT
Where, M1 = mass of the oxide
p1 = pressure of the oxide
Density of dinitrogen gas (d2) is as given,
d2 = M1p2RT
Where, M2 = mass of the oxide
p2 = pressure of the oxide
Acc to the question,
d1 = d2
Therefore, M1p1=M2p2
Given:
p1 = 2 bar
p2 = 5 bar
Molecular mass of nitrogen, M2 = 28 g/mol
Now, M1
= M2p2p1
= 28×52
= 70 g/mol
Therefore, the molecular mass of the oxide is 70 g/mol.
Q5. A pressure of 1 g of an ideal gas X at 27∘ C is found to be 2 bars. When 2 g of another ideal gas is added in the same container at same temp the pressure becomes 3 bars. Find the relation between their molecular masses.
Answer:
For ideal gas A, the ideal gas equation is given by,
pXV=nXRT……(1)
Where pX and nX represent the pressure and number of moles of gas X.
For ideal gas Y, the ideal gas equation is given by,
pYV=nYRT……(2)
Where, pY and nY represent the pressure and number of moles of gas Y.
[V and T are constants for gases X and Y]
From equation (1),
pXV=mXMX RT
pXMXmX = RTV ……(3)
From equation (2),
pYV=mYMY RT
pYMYmY = RTV …… (4)
Where, MX and MY are the molecular masses of gases X and Y respectively.
Now, from equation (3) and (4),
pXMXmX = pYMYmY ….. (5)
Given,
mX = 1 g
pX = 2 bar
mY = 2 g
pY = (3 – 2) = 1 bar (Since total pressure is 3 bar)
Substituting these values in equation (5),
2×MX1 = 1×MY2
4 MX = MY
Therefore, the relationship between the molecular masses of X and Y is,
4 MX = MY
Q6. The drain cleaner has small bits of aluminum, which react with caustic soda to produce dihydrogen. What volume of dihydrogen at 20∘ C and 1 bar will be released when 0.15 g of aluminum reacts?
Answer:
The reaction of aluminum with caustic soda is as given below:
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O → 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
At Standard Temperature Pressure (273.15 K and 1 atm), 54 g ( 2 × 27 g) of Al gives 3 ×22400 mL of H2.
Therefore, 0.15 g Al gives:
= 3×22400×0.1554 mL of H2
= 186.67 mL of H2
At Standard Temperature Pressure,
p1 = 1 atm
V1 = 186.67 mL
T1 = 273.15 K
Let the volume of dihydrogen be V2 at p2 = 0.987 atm (since 1 bar = 0.987 atm) and T2 = 20∘ C = (273.15 + 20) K = 293.15 K.
Now,
p1V1T1 = p2V2T2 V2=p1V1T2p2T1
= 1×186.67×293.150.987×273.15
= 202.98 mL
= 203 mL
Hence, 203 mL of dihydrogen will be released.
Q7. Calculate the pressure exerted by a mixture of 3.2 g of methane and 4.4 g of carbon dioxide contained in a 9 dm3 at flask at 27°.
Answer:
It is known that,
p = mM RTV
For methane (CH4),
pCH4
= 3.216 × 8.314×3009×10–3 [Since 9 dm3 = 9×10−3 m3 27∘C = 300 K]
= 5.543 × 104 Pa
For carbon dioxide (CO2),
pCO2
= 4.444 × 8.314×3009×10–3
= 2.771 × 104 Pa
Total pressure exerted by the mixture can be calculated as:
p = pCH4 + pCO2
= (5.543 × 104 + 2.771 × 104) Pa
= 8.314 × 104 Pa
Q8. Calculate the pressure of the gaseous mixture when 0.5 L of H2 at 0.8 bars and 2.0 L of dioxygen at 0.7 bars are introduced in a 1L container at 27∘.
Answer:
Let the partial pressure of H2 in the container be pH2.
Now,
p1 = 0.8 bar
p2 = pH2 V1 = 0.5 L
V2 = 1 L
It is known that,
p1 V1 = p2 V2 p2 = p1×V1V2 pH2 = 0.8×0.51
= 0.4 bar
Now, let the partial pressure of O2 in the container be pO2.
Now,
p1 = 0.7 bar
p2 = pO2 V1 = 2.0 L
V2 = 1 L
p1 V1 = p2 V2 p2 = p1×V1V2 pO2 = 0.7×201
= 1.4 bar
Total pressure of the gas mixture in the container can be obtained as:
ptotal = pH2 + pO2
= 0.4 + 1.4
= 1.8 bar
Q9. A density of a gas is 5.46 g/dm3 at 27∘C at 2 bar pressure. Calculate its density at Standard Temperature Pressure.
Answer:
Given,
d1 = 5.46 g/dm3
p1 = 2 bar
T1 = 27∘C = (27 + 273) K = 300 K
p2 = 1 bar
T2 = 273 K
d2 = ?
The density ( d2 ) of the gas at STP can be calculated using the equation,
d = MpRT d1d2 = Mp1RT1Mp2RT2 d1d2 = p1T2p2T1
d2 = p2T1d1p1T2
= 1×300×5.462×273
= 3 g dm-3
Hence, the density of the gas at STP will be 3 g dm-3
Q10. 34.05 mL of phosphorus vapour has weight 0.0625 g at 546∘C and 0.1 bar pressure. Calculate the molar mass of phosphorus.
Answer:
Given,
p = 0.1 bar
V = 34.05 mL = 34.05 × 10-3 dm3
R = 0.083 bar dm3 at K-1 mol-1
T = 546∘C = (546 + 273) K = 819 K
The no of moles (n) can be calculated using the ideal gas equation as:
pV = nRT
n = pVRT
= 0.1×34.05×10−30.083×819
= 5.01 × 10-5 mol
Therefore, molar mass of phosphorus = 0.06255.01×10−5
= 1247.5 g mol-1
Q11. A student forgot to add the reaction mixture to the container at 27∘ C but instead, he placed the container on the flame. After a lapse of time, he came to know about his mistake, and using a pyrometer he found the temp of the container 477∘ C. What fraction of air would have been expelled out?
Answer:
Let the volume of the container be V.
The volume of the air inside the container at 27∘ C is V.
Now,
V1 = V
T1 = 27∘ C = 300 K V2 = ?
T2 = 477∘ C = 750 K
Acc to Charles’s law,
V1T1 = V2T2 V1 = V1T2T1
= 750V300
= 2.5 V
Therefore, volume of air expelled out
= 2.5 V – V = 1.5 V
Hence, fraction of air expelled out
= 1.5V2.5V
= 35
Q12. What is the temp of 4.0 mol of gas occupying 5 dm3 at 3.32 bar? ( R = 0.083 bar dm3 at K-1 mol-1).
Answer:
Given,
N= 4.0 mol
V = 5 dm3
p = 3.32 bar
R = 0.083 bar dm3 at K-1 mol-1
The temp (T) can be calculated using the ideal gas equation as:
pV = nRT
T = pVnR
= 3.32×54×0.083
= 50 K
Therefore, the required temp is 50 K.
Q13. What is the total no of electrons present in 1.4 g of dinitrogen gas?
Answer:
Molar mass of dinitrogen (N2) = 28 g mol-1
Thus, 1.4 g of N2
= 1.428
= 0.05 mol
= 0.05 × 6.02 × 1023 no of molecules
= 3.01 × 1023 no. of molecules
Now, 1 molecule of N2 has 14 electrons.
Therefore, 3.01 × 1023 molecules of N2 contains,
= 14 × 3.01 × 1023
= 4.214 × 1023 electrons
Q14. How much time would it take to distribute 1 Avogadro no. of wheat grains, if 1010 grains are distracted each second?
Answer:
Avogadro no. = 6.02 × 1023
Therefore, time taken
= 6.02×10231010s
= 6.02 × 1013 s
= 6.02×102360×60×24×365years
= 1.909 × 106 years
Therefore, the time taken would be 1.909 × 106 years.
Q15. What is the total pressure in the mixture of 4 g of dihydrogen and 8 g of dioxygen in a container of 1 dm3 at K-1 mol-1?
Answer:
Given:
Mass of O2 = 8 g
No. of moles
= 832
= 0.25 mole
Mass of H2 = 4 g
No. of moles
= 42
= 2 mole
Hence, total no of moles in the mixture
= 0.25 + 2
= 2.25 mole
Given:
V = 1 dm3
n = 2.25 mol
R = 0.083 bar dm3 at K-1 mol-1
T = 27∘ C = 300 K
Total pressure :
pV = nRT
p = nRTV
= 225×0.083×3001
= 56.025 bar
Therefore, the total pressure of the mixture is 56.025 bar.
Q16. The difference between the mass of displaced air and the mass of the balloon is known as pay load. What is the pay load when a balloon of radius is 10 m, mass 100 kg is filled with helium at 1.66 bar at 27∘ C.
(Density of air = 1.2 kg m-3 and R = 0.083 bar dm3 at K-1 mol-1)
Answer:
Given:
r = 10 m
Therefore, volume of the balloon
= 43 πr3
= 43×227×103
= 4190.5 m3 (approx.)
Therefore, the volume of the displaced air
= 4190.5 × 1.2 kg
= 5028.6 kg
Mass of helium,
= MpVRT
Where, M = 4 × 10-3 kg mol-1
p = 1.66 bar
V = volume of the balloon
= 4190.5 m3
R = 0.083 0.083 bar dm3 at K-1 mol-1
T = 27 °C = 300 K
Then,
m = 4×10−3×1.66×4190.5×1030.083×300
= 1117.5 kg (approx.)
Now, total mass with helium,
= (100 + 1117.5) kg
= 1217.5 kg
Therefore, pay load,
= (5028.6 – 1217.5)
= 3811.1 kg
Therefore, the pay load of the balloon is 3811.1 kg.
Q17. What is the volume occupied by 8.8 g of CO2 at 31.1∘ C and 1 bar pressure? Given that R = 0.083 bar dm3 at K-1 mol-1.
Answer:
pVM = mRT
V = mRTMp
Given:
m = 8.8 g
R = 0.083 bar dm3 at K-1 mol-1.
T = 31.1 °C = 304.1 K
M = 44 g
p = 1 bar
Thus, Volume (V),
= 8.8×0.083×304.144×1
= 5.04806 L
= 5.05 L
Therefore, the volume occupied is 5.05 L.
Q18. 2.9 g of a gas at 95∘ C occupied the same volume as 0.184 g of dihydrogen at 17∘ C, at the same pressure. Calculate the molar mass of the gas.
Answer:
Volume,
V = mRTMp
= 0.184×R×2902×p
Let M be the molar mass of the unknown gas.
Volume occupied by the unknown gas is,
= mRTMp
= 2.9×R×368M×p
According to the ques,
0.184×R×2902×p = 2.9×R×368M×p 0.184×2902 = 2.9×368M
M = 2.9×368×20.184×290
= 40 g mol-1
Therefore, the molar mass of the gas is 40 g mol-1
Q19. A mixture of dioxygen and dihydrogen at 1 bar pressure has 20% by weight of dihydrogen. What is the partial pressure of dihydrogen?
Answer:
Let the weight of dihydrogen be 20 g.
Let the weight of dioxygen be 80 g.
No. of moles of dihydrogen (nH2),
= 202
= 10 moles
No. of moles of dioxygen (nO2),
= 8032
= 2.5 moles
Given:
ptotal = 1 bar
Therefore, partial pressure of dihydrogen (pH2),
= nH2nH2+nO2 × ptotal
= 1010+2.5×1
= 0.8 bar
Therefore, the partial pressure of dihydrogen is 0.8 bar.
Q20. What will be the SI unit for the quantity pV2T2n?
Answer:
SI unit of pressure, p = Nm−2
SI unit of volume, V = m3
SI unit of temp, T = K
SI unit of number of moles, n = mol
Hence, SI unit of pV2T2n is,
= (Nm−2)(m3)2(K)2mol
= Nm4K2mol−1
Q21. According to Charles’ law explain why −273∘ C is the lowest possible temp.
Answer:
According to Charles’ law
At constant pressure, the volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temp.
Charles’ law
It was found that for all gasses (at any given pressure), the plot of volume vs. temp. (in ∘C) is a straight line.
If we extend the line to zero volume, then it intersects the temp-axis at −273∘ C. That is the volume of any gas at−273∘ C is 0. This happens because all gasses get transferred into liquid form before reaching −273∘ C.
Therefore, it can be said that−273∘ C is the lowest possible temp.
Q22. Critical temp of methane and carbon dioxide are −81.9∘ C and 31.1∘C respectively. Which of the following have stronger intermolecular forces? Why?
Answer:
If the critical temp of a gas is higher then it is easier to liquefy. That is the intermolecular forces of attraction among the molecules of gas are directly proportional to its critical temp.
Therefore, in CO2 intermolecular forces of attraction are stronger.
Q23. What is the physical significance of Van der Waals parameters?
Answer:
The physical significance of ‘a’:
The magnitude of intermolecular attractive forces within gas is represented by ‘a’.
The physical significance of ‘b’:
The volume of a gas molecule is represented by ‘b’.
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